This is an Egyptian zodiac depicting a period of time in the heavens believed by scholars to be between 6540 B.C. to 4380 B.C.
It is known as the Denderah zodiac and is held in the Louvre museum. It was located by the West in the time of Napoleon when he visited Egypt.
There is evidence the Egyptians were influenced by the Sumerians’ knowledge of the zodiac. Keep in mind they were not writing horoscopes on the daily clay tablets as the primary function of this tool. It was believed to be devised as a tracking device of the stars and planet’s movement through the observable sky through time in relation to the Earth’s position.
No one knows exactly where or who created the first zodiac but the earliest beginnings of the concept may date back to Palaeolithic man at the Lascaux cave complex in southwestern France. There, a bull is painted with what appear to be the Pleiades stars and other stars pertinent to that location (what we today call Taurus). The Greeks, Babylonians, Hindus, Chinese, and many, many more cultures of the ancient world created zodiacs. As such, it should be considered one of the most successful universal concepts knowledge-transferred throughout humanity in history. But was it passed from one culture to another by trade routes, expeditions and the like? It is not known or recorded how the zodiac idea was passed from one culture to another. Or is it universal human ideation from a collective shared consciousness?
My train of thought additionally wanders to the similarities between this ornate zodiac, and others like it, and the mandala. The mandala is thought to have been invented by Buddhists in the 4th century. It too is a kind of map depicting layers of spiritual stages, deities, and traditions. Indeed, I think the Denderah can be mistaken as a mandala to the untrained eye.
The basic deconstructed commonality of the mandala and the zodiac is the circle shape. The circle is perhaps the most universal and basic form known to humanity. It’s the shape of the sun and the moon. Our planet and the wheel. It existed before the physical wheel was invented. Pythagoras described the circle as the most perfect of creative forms, without beginning or end, without sides or corners. He dubbed it the “monad” and associated it with monotheism and the number “1.” It may very well be the first symbol conceived and used by humanity. Who drew the first circle in the sand? We will never know. But it launched a massive shift in the way we interpret and interact with the universe.
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